The validity of general cognitive ability predicting job-specific performance is stable across different levels of job experience.

Decades of research in industrial-organizational psychology have established that measures of general cognitive ability (g) consistently and positively predict job-specific performance to a statistically and practically significant degree across jobs. But is the validity of g stable across different levels of job experience? The present study addresses this question using historical large-scale data across 31 diverse military occupations from the Joint-Service Job Performance Measurement/Enlistment Standards Project (N = 10,088). Across all jobs, results of our meta-analysis find near-zero interactions between Armed Forces Qualification Test score (a composite of math and verbal scores) and time in service when predicting job-specific performance. This finding supports the validity of g for predicting job-specific performance even with increasing job experience and provides no evidence for diminishing validity of g. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings, along with directions for personnel selection research and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Within-person personality variability in the work context: A blessing or a curse for job performance?

Only recently, the question whether within-person personality variability is a blessing or a curse for job performance has reached the agendas of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology researchers. Yet, this limited stream of research resulted in inconsistent findings, and only little understanding exists about the role of rater source and mean-level personality in this relationship. Broadly following socioanalytic theory, the present study examined the extent to which self- and other-rated within-person personality variability predicts self- and other-rated job performance, and whether this is moderated by mean-level personality. Within-person personality variability indices and job performance evaluations were obtained from an experience sampling study including N = 166 teachers, N = 95 supervisors, and N = 69 classes (including 1,354 students). Results showed that-above and beyond the effects of mean-level personality-self-rated within-person variability was positively associated with self-rated job performance, while other-rated within-person variability was negatively associated with other-ratings of performance. Many interactions with mean-level personality were found, mainly demonstrating negative effects of variability for those with a less adaptive personality profile (cf. variability as a "curse"), while showing positive effects of variability for those with a more adaptive trait profile (cf. variability as a "blessing"). Importantly, however, additional analyses provided little evidence for associations across type of rater source. These findings contribute to the field of I-O psychology by highlighting that perceptions of within-person personality variability may impact performance evaluations beyond personality traits, although its desirability seems to depend on individuals' personality trait level. Implications and limitations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Amplifying Black excellence in industrial-organizational psychology.

This article highlights the work of Black organizational psychologists and their considerable and ongoing contributions to industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology through scholarship, practice, and service. We focus our review on the influence of five Black scholar-practitioners who have earned the distinction of fellow in the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. We discuss how their work has enhanced our understanding of the integral role of diversity and inclusion across the employment cycle. We also highlight their contributions to service, mentorship, and the field more broadly to provide a holistic picture of their collective influence beyond their scholarship. Further, we offer recommendations for how their work can inform other subfields within psychology and elevate teaching and training beyond I-O. By amplifying the voices of these Black psychologists, we provide a guide for scholars and practitioners in I-O and related areas interested in incorporating diversity into their scholarship, teaching, and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Por que querer (re)descobrir a psicologia do trabalho no Brasil? / Why do we want to (re)discover work psychology in Brazil?

A história da psicologia do trabalho é plural. Tudo o que se herdou foi sendo objeto de muita controvérsia no âmbito de análises que vieram permitir um melhor esclarecimento de questões deixadas em aberto, consideradas residuais ou até completamente ignoradas. Os posicionamentos críticos deram novo alento aos projetos de renovação da abordagem da experiência humana quando investida na atividade de trabalho. Na academia brasileira, vários contributos o demonstram

The history of work psychology is plural. All that has been inherited has been subject to much controversy within the scope of analyses that have allowed a better clarification of questions left open, considered as residual or even completely ignored. Critical positions have given new vigour to the projects of renovation in the approach to human experience when invested in the activity of work. In Brazilian academia, several contributions demonstrate this.

Percepções de psicólogos organizacionais sobre inclusão de pessoas com deficiência em empresas / Organizational psychologists' perceptions on the inclusion of people with disabilities in organizations / Percepciones de los psicólogos organizacionales sobre la inclusión de personas con discapacidad en las empresas

As dificuldades e barreiras enfrentadas no processo de inclusão de pessoas com deficiência (PcD) nas organizações incitam o desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Este estudo compreendeu a percepção de psicólogos organizacionais sobre a inclusão de PcD em empresas. Dezoito psicólogos atuantes na área de gestão de pessoas de empresas das sete regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul responderam a uma entrevista individual. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 33,17 anos, atuavam em empresas de diferentes segmentos, eram predominantemente do sexo feminino e possuíam pós-graduação em áreas relacionadas. Os relatos dos psicólogos alertaram para o fato de que, em suas graduações, o conteúdo sobre deficiência humana e, especificamente, inclusão no mercado de trabalho foi escasso ou inexistente. Essa lacuna na formação, de egressos de diferentes instituições de ensino superior, é relatada desde os anos de 1990. Para esses psicólogos, barreiras atitudinais e organizacionais são frequentemente enfrentadas no processo de inclusão, tais como o despreparo das empresas, gestores e colaboradores para receber as PcD, os poucos programas voltados a uma prática efetiva de inclusão e não somente ao cumprimento da legislação, além das dificuldades dos próprios profissionais em identificar os potenciais e as limitações que a PcD apresenta e de adaptá-la de maneira correta ao trabalho. O psicólogo organizacional pode contribuir para um processo adequado de inclusão por meio de práticas, tais como treinamentos e sensibilizações, que fomentem a informação e diminuam a discriminação e as dificuldades.(AU)

Difficulties and barriers to including people with disabilities (PwDs) in organizations drives research development. This study sought to understand how organizational psychologists perceived the inclusion of PwDs in organizations. Eighteen organizational psychologists who work in people management for companies in the seven regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul participated in an individual interview. Most interviewees were female, with average age of 33.17 years, had a postgraduate degree in the field, and worked in companies from different segments. During the interviews, the psychologists called attention to the little or nonexistent content on human disability and, specifically, inclusion in the labor market covered in the graduate course. This gap has been reported by graduates from different higher education institutions since the 1990s. According to the respondents, attitudinal and organizational barriers are often faced in the inclusion process, such as the unpreparedness of companies, managers, and employees to welcome PwD, the few programs aimed at an effective inclusion and not only to comply with the law, as well as the difficulties of the professionals themselves to identify the potentials and limitations that PwD present and to adapt them correctly to the work. Organizational psychologists can contribute to an adequate inclusion process by developing training and sensibilization activities that foster information and reduce discrimination and difficulties.(AU)

Las dificultades y barreras enfrentadas en el proceso de inclusión de personas con discapacidad (PcD) en las organizaciones fortalecen el desarrollo de la investigación. Este estudio entendió la percepción de los psicólogos organizacionales acerca de la inclusión de las PcD en las empresas. Dieciocho psicólogos que trabajan en el área de gestión de personas en empresas de las siete regiones del estado de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) respondieron a una entrevista individual. Los participantes tenían una edad promedio de 33,17 años, trabajaban en empresas de diferentes segmentos, eran predominantemente mujeres y tenían un posgrado en el área. Los informes de los psicólogos alertaron sobre el hecho de que el contenido sobre discapacidad humana y, específicamente, su inclusión en el mercado laboral era escaso o inexistente durante su formación académica. Esta brecha en la formación de los egresados de diferentes instituciones de educación superior se reporta desde los 1990. Para estos psicólogos, a menudo ocurren barreras organizacionales y de actitud en el proceso de inclusión de las PcD, como la falta de preparación de las empresas, gerentes y empleados para recibirlas, pocos programas destinados a una práctica efectiva de la inclusión, no solo al cumplimiento de la ley, y las dificultades de los profesionales para identificar las potencialidades y limitaciones y adecuarlas correctamente al trabajo. El psicólogo organizacional puede contribuir a un proceso de inclusión adecuado, con prácticas de capacitación y sensibilización que brindan información y reducen la discriminación y dificultades.(AU)

Experiências de precarização do trabalho na América Latina: migração e empreendedorismo como apostas para o futuro / Experiences of precarious work in Latin America: migration and entrepreneurship as bets for the future

A análise do trabalho convoca à ampliação de referências epistemológicas e metodológicas para produzir transformações a partir de suas distintas realidades e dimensões. Nesse sentido, as abordagens das Clínicas do Trabalho se mostram como um caminho para compreender as relações entre subjetividade e trabalho, considerando suas condições concretas. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, com base nas Clínicas do Trabalho, a relação entre processos de trabalho precarizado e a subjetividade de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, em dois contextos laborais e territoriais distintos. Assim, parte-se de duas pesquisas para pensar esta mobilização. Na primeira, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com haitianos(as) que residiam em Contagem/MG, a fim de compreendermos as dimensões psicossociais da migração para migrantes haitianos a partir das categorias território e trabalho. A segunda pesquisa buscou compreender as trajetórias empreendedoras no Uruguai e na Argentina a partir de um estudo sobre empreendedorismo nos dois países, que incluiu entrevistas biográficas com 18 empreendedores. Tais experiências possuem em comum a presença do desemprego nas trajetórias laborais de trabalhadoras e trabalhadores entrevistados(as) e uma característica básica do precariado: a ausência de um projeto de futuro que possibilite a construção de existências emancipatórias, o que pode ser fonte de sofrimento psíquico

Analyzing work requires expanding epistemological and methodological references to produce transformations based on its distinct realities and dimensions. Thus, the approaches of Labor Clinics can understand the relations between subjectivity and work by considering their concrete conditions. This study aimed to discuss the relations between precarious work processes and the subjectivity of workers in two distinct labor and territorial contexts, based on Work Clinics. Thus, two research studies are used to think about this mobilization. In the first, in-depth interviews were conducted with Haitian men and women who live in Contagem/MG to understand the psychosocial dimensions of migration for Haitian migrants based on categories of territory and work. The second research sought to understand entrepreneurial trajectories in Uruguay and Argentina from a study on entrepreneurship in both countries, which included biographical interviews with 18 entrepreneurs. These experiences share the presence of unemployment in the labor trajectories of the interviewed workers and a basic characteristic of the precariat: the absence of a future project that enables the construction of emancipatory existences, which can cause psychological suffering

Ethical incidents reported by industrial-organizational psychologists: A ten-year follow-up.

This article reports the results of an ethics survey of professional members of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP/APA-Div. 14) conducted in 2019, and compares its findings with those of a similar survey conducted in 2009. In 2019, but not 2009, international members and associates were included. A total of 680 survey responses were received in 2019, with 157 of them describing a narrative incident of a recently experienced ethical situation. In 2009, 228 of 661 respondents described a total of 292 incidents. Respondents were asked to categorize and rate their incidents on a variety of attributes. Demographic subgroup analyses showed more similarities than differences in the nature and outcomes of ethical issues reported. However, differences were observed as a function of work domain (academe, internal practice, external practice), membership status (member/fellow/associate), career stage (years since highest degree), and field of highest degree (I-O psychology, other psychology area, and business), suggesting caution if generalizing to the entire field. Respondents who actually faced the ethical issue described viewed it as somewhat less serious than those who occupied some other (observer) role in the situation, and also reported more successful resolutions. Comparing 2019 with 2009 data revealed overall consistency in the relative incidence of different forms of ethical challenges and the work activity areas in which they arise. However, in 2019 there were more covert incidents (e.g., role conflicts, values conflicts, conflicts of interest) and fewer overt incidents (e.g., coercion, corruption). Implications for improving ethics education and training are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Times are changing, bias isn't: A meta-meta-analysis on publication bias detection practices, prevalence rates, and predictors in industrial/organizational psychology.

Effect misestimations plague Psychological Science, but advances in the identification of dissemination biases in general and publication bias in particular have helped in dealing with biased effects in the literature. However, the application of publication bias detection methods appears to be not equally prevalent across subdisciplines. It has been suggested that particularly in I/O Psychology, appropriate publication bias detection methods are underused. In this meta-meta-analysis, we present prevalence estimates, predictors, and time trends of publication bias in 128 meta-analyses that were published in the Journal of Applied Psychology (7,263 effect sizes, 3,000,000 + participants). Moreover, we reanalyzed data of 87 meta-analyses and applied nine standard and more modern publication bias detection methods. We show that (a) the bias detection method applications are underused (only 41% of meta-analyses use at least one method) but have increased in recent years, (b) those meta-analyses that apply such methods now use more, but mostly inappropriate methods, and (c) the prevalence of potential publication bias is concerning but mostly remains undetected. Although our results indicate somewhat of a trend toward higher bias awareness, they substantiate concerns about potential publication bias in I/O Psychology, warranting increased researcher awareness about appropriate and state-of-the-art bias detection and triangulation. Embracing open science practices such as data sharing or study preregistration is needed to raise reproducibility and ultimately strengthen Psychological Science in general and I/O Psychology in particular. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Examining the dimensionality of pre-service teachers' enthusiasm for teaching by combining frameworks of educational science and organizational psychology.

The aim of this study was to obtain a holistic understanding of pre-service teachers' enthusiasm for teaching (a subject) by examining its structure as well as relevant factors that may be related to it in the first phase of teacher education. For this purpose, we considered two strands of research: educational science and organizational psychology. Accordingly, the professional competence model and the job demands and resources model helped to identify factors that are associated with pre-service teachers' enthusiasm for teaching. Responses of 211 pre-service biology teachers indicated that enthusiasm for teaching can be considered as one-dimensional. Moreover, we found positive relationships between enthusiasm for teaching and academic self-concept, intrinsic career choice motives and occupational commitment. In contrast, we detected negative relations between enthusiasm for teaching and both emotional exhaustion and intention to quit. No significant relations could be found for enthusiasm for teaching and both professional knowledge and extrinsic career choice motives. Our findings highlight the importance of enthusiasm for teaching in the earliest stage of teachers' careers. Thus, our study points out relevant factors that could help to maintain high enthusiasm and to keep (pre-service) teachers healthy and in the profession.

Occupational health psychology research and the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to generate threats to occupational health, safety, and well-being. As a result, it presents an opportunity to deepen the field's insights into occupational health psychology (OHP), and to offer practical guidance that may help workers, organizations, and society mitigate the pandemic's negative effects. This special section of the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (JOHP) addresses several implications of the pandemic for well-being and work behavior. The pandemic raises many additional questions deserving of research attention. Such topics include the implications of organizations' evolving workforce and workplace decisions, and work as a mechanism for public health and societal well-being. OHP research also has the potential to generate ideas that may prove useful for addressing future crises. A greater consideration of context may help the field achieve such aims. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

De Elton Mayo a Ivar Oddone: redescobrir a instrução ao sósia / From Elton Mayo to Ivar Oddone: rediscovering the instruction to the double

O presente texto foi publicado originalmente como prefácio de uma obra de Yves Clot em homenagem a Ivar Oddone. Decidimos publicá-lo no formato de artigo, com a autorização do autor, por considerarmos que traz importantes e atuais contribuições para o campo do trabalho em intercruzamento com diversas teorias: Clínica da Atividade, Ergologia, Ergonomia, Saúde do Trabalhador, dentre outras. Neste texto, Yves Clot retoma aspectos significativos da obra de Ivar Oddone e tece reflexões sobre aspectos originais dessa, nem sempre considerados pelos estudiosos da área. Assim, faz uma análise comparativa com as propostas apresentadas por Elton Mayo, as quais se sagraram como importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento do capitalismo industrial sob a suposta égide do enaltecimento do aspecto humano nas situações de trabalho. Ao contrário das concepções e práticas de Mayo, que foram efetivamente voltadas para o aumento da produtividade das empresas e, portanto, para a exploração dos trabalhadores, Oddone buscou reconhecer e valorizar o saber dos operários, com o intuito de que esse se configurasse como um contrapoder ao ampliar o seu poder de agir na situação de trabalho, aspectos que são amplamente discutidos por Clot no texto que ora apresentamos.¹

This text was initially published as a preface written by Yves Clot in honor of Ivar Oddone. We decided to publish it as an article, authorized by the author, as we believe that it brings important and current contributions to the field of work, in interseccion with several theories: Clinic of Activity, Ergology, Ergonomics, Worker's Health, among others. In this text, Yves Clot takes up highlights of Ivar Oddone's work and produces reflections about its original aspects, not always considered by experts in the field. Thus, he makes a comparative analysis with those aspects and the proposals presented by Elton Mayo, which have become an important tool for the development of industrial capitalism under the supposed appreciation of the human sides in work situations. Contrary to Mayo's conceptions and practices, which were aimed at increasing the productivity of companies and, therefore, at the exploitation of workers, Oddone sought to recognize and value the knowledge of workers, intending that this was used as a kind of counterpower, by expanding its power to act in the work situation, points that are widely discussed by Clot in the text that we present now.

Development and validation of an instrument in job evaluation factors of physicians in public hospitals in Beijing, China.

BACKGROUND: Job evaluation has been widely used to establish a foundation for internal equity and other human resource functions. The United Kingdom adopts the National Health Service (NHS) Job Evaluation scheme to determine the pay bands for most NHS staff and ensure equal pay for work of equal value. The challenges of recruiting and retaining physicians in Chinese public hospitals have heightened the need for a reliable job evaluation system to ensure the equality of physician compensation. The aim of this study was to construct job evaluation factors of physicians in Chinese public hospitals based on the NHS Job Evaluation scheme and to examine the reliability and validity of the established system. METHODS: Questionnaire surveys and statistical analyses were used to determine the job evaluation factors for physicians. The preliminary screening of the evaluation factors was based on a literature review, focused interviews with physicians and the Delphi method. Based on the results of preliminary screening, a questionnaire with 25 factors was designed to survey physicians regarding the importance of each factor in physician job evaluation. After the pretest, final questionnaire data were collected from 900 physicians by adopting a stratified sampling from 6 tertiary public hospitals in Beijing. A principal component analysis was used for factor extraction and structural validity analysis. The reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The results of the principal component analysis showed that the 25 physician job evaluation factors were grouped into the 5 dimensions of Task Characteristics, Knowledge, Responsibility, Effort/Environment, and Skills. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the five dimensions ranged from 0.841 to 0.909, which indicated a high level of reliability. The result of the factor analysis indicated fair structural validity. The content validity was established by building onto the NHS Job Evaluation scheme and other well-established job evaluation systems. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the Chinese version of physician job evaluation is an instrument with fair reliability and validity, which fully reflects the characteristics of physicians in Chinese public hospitals. This system can provide an important basis for developing a physician compensation plan and ensuring internal equity in healthcare organizations.

Edwin P. Hollander (1927-2020).

Memorializes Edwin P. Hollander (1927-2020). Hollander was a major figure in the study of group and organizational leadership. He received his BS from Case Western Reserve University in 1948, his MS in psychometrics, working with Robert Thorndike in 1950, and his PhD in social psychology from Columbia University in 1952. After serving as a naval aviation psychologist during the Korean War, Ed began his academic career at Carnegie Mellon, initiating work on leadership that led to a 20-year research program at the State University of New York at Buffalo where he was also founding director of the doctoral program in social/organizational psychology and provost of social sciences. In 1989, he became the City University of New York Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Baruch College until his retirement in 1999. During his career, he had many visiting appointments, including the Tavistock Institute, Harvard, Oxford, the National Academy of Sciences, and Istanbul University. Hollander also served as president of the Eastern Psychological Association and American Psychological Association (APA) Division 1, APA's Board of Social and Ethical Responsibility for Psychology (BSERP), and on the Governing Council of the International Society of Political Psychology. He received a distinguished career award from the International Association of Applied Psychology, the International Leadership Association, the Network of Leadership Scholars, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the Center for Creative Leadership. His landmark books, including Leaders, Groups, and Influence (1964) and Leadership Dynamics (1978), positioned leadership as an influence process occurring at the nexus of leader, followers, and organizational context. Ed emphasized the importance of an engaged followership to the study of leadership, rather than focusing primarily on the leader. He is perhaps best known for the idiosyncrasy credit model, a framework that details how follower perceptions affect leader behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

When and how personality predicts workplace safety: Evaluating a moderated mediation model.

INTRODUCTION: Though previous research has linked personality and workplace safety, results have been inconsistent. Aims of the present study were to understand when and how personality factors predict safety performance. METHODS: With 492 working adults, a moderated mediation model was tested whereby the relationship between personality and safety behavior was mediated by safety motivation and moderated by situation strength (i.e., safety climate perceptions). RESULTS: Findings indicate that, aside from extraversion, safety motivation mediated all relationships between FFM personality traits and safety behavior. The mediated relationship between conscientiousness and safety motivation was attenuated by safety climate perceptions. However, relationships between all other personality traits and safety motivation, and ultimately safety behavior, remained consistent or, in the case of extraversion, was augmented at higher levels of safety climate perceptions. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate an empirical basis for how and when personality translates into safety behavior at work. Additionally, findings provide a theoretical explanation for the mixed results among previous studies of personality's relationship with safety outcomes. Implications are discussed for employee selection and training practices in safety-intensive industries.

I believe I can craft! introducing Job Crafting Self-Efficacy Scale (JCSES).

Job crafting is beneficial for employees and organizations. To better predict these behaviors, we introduce the concept of job crafting self-efficacy (JCSE) and define it as an individual's beliefs about their capability to modify the demands and resources of their job to better fit their needs. This article describes the development and validation of a scale to measure JCSE. We conducted a qualitative study to design and four quantitative studies to test the psychometric properties of this scale among Polish and American employees in both paper-and-pencil and online versions. Three independent (N1 = 364; N2 = 432; N3 = 403) confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a good fit to a 3-factor solution comprising JCSE beliefs about increasing (a) structural job resources, (b) social job resources, and (c) challenging job demands. The 9-item JCSE Scale had good internal consistency, high time stability, and good validity. It correlated positively with general self-efficacy. JCSE explained unique variance in job crafting behaviors over and above general self-efficacy, and was more important in predicting job crafting than contextual factors. We demonstrate the role of social cognitions in shaping job redesign behaviors and provide a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions dedicated to empowering JCSE.

The Rise of Shop Floor Ergonomics: A Personal Perspective.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Based on a 45-year career as a practitioner in industrial ergonomics, I offer in this paper a personal memoir on how ergonomics came to the shop floor in North America, involving ordinary workers in an early effort to prevent what was at the time an unknown problem - work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders. The actions included the beginning of a low-tech, practical improvement process that is still effective today. In total, the experience can provide encouragement to everybody to be confident in their ability when trying new endeavors and to remember that small initial steps can eventually lead to major change.

Quantification of Postures for Low-Height Object Manipulation Conducted by Manual Material Handlers in a Retail Environment.

Occupational Applications Manual material handlers performing stocking tasks spent substantial amounts of time in bent postures but used traditional stoops and squats infrequently. Instead, they often used split-legged stoops and squats, where one foot is further forward than the other, and one-legged ("golfer's") lifts. During object manipulation, the distance workers reached away from their body, and the height at which they manipulated objects, were correlated with the posture used by the worker. Workers also stayed in different postures for different lengths of time. It is likely that certain postures are more comfortable for the workers to remain in, provide additional mobility or operational radius, or require less energy to use. Understanding these factors in more detail could lead to improved worker training programs, where the postures taught not only have low injury risk but are comfortable so are actually adopted and used by the workers.

Technical Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders are relatively common among manual material handlers. This may be due in part to challenging postures used by workers. Purpose Studying the kinematics of manual material handlers in the workplace will provide quantitative data on how they move and what postures they adopt. With these data, some insights can be determined about why workers chose certain postures. Methods We conducted an on-site workplace study to capture the full-body kinematics of manual material handlers (stockers) using inertial measurement units. We organized the observed bends into six classes: stooping, fore-aft squatting, split-legged stooping with one-heel raised, split-legged stooping with no heels raised, one-legged lifting, and mixed lifting, which include multiple forms while remaining bent. These classes were based on a new general classification of bending and lifting postures that we developed, which enumerates all of the possible forms. We quantified how frequently and for what duration the workers bent and lifted, and determined how often they performed asymmetric motions while bending. We determined the range of motion of the hand positions during each bent posture, which provides a measure of the workspace afforded by the posture. Results Workers rarely used symmetric squats and infrequently used symmetric stoops typically studied in lab settings. Instead, they used a variety of different postures that have not been well-characterized. Of the 666 bending postures recorded during the experiment, 27.3% were stoops lifts, 22.1% were one-legged lifts, 20.3% were split-legged bends with both heels on the ground, and 12.3% were split-legged bends with a heel raised. Only 4.6% of the postures were squats and only one participant used this posture. Different bending postures were correlated with different ranges of hand position used in object manipulation. One-legged lifting corresponded to bends with the hands furthest away from the body along the sagittal axis. Conclusions While our study was exploratory, we observed many kinematic forms that have not been studied much in the past, such as split-legged stooping and one-legged lifting, suggesting that future work should be done to understand the biomechanics of these postures.

Adaptação e validação transcultural de uma medida de fatores de absenteísmo / Transcultural adaptation and validation of factors within absenteeism / Adaptación y validación transcultural de una medida de los factores de absentismo

O absenteísmo laboral, fenômeno complexo, é caracterizado pela ausência de um empregado de suas atividades trabalhistas. Apesar da importância do tema, visto que pode provocar impactos na produtividade e nos custos de uma organização, não foram encontrados instrumentos sobre o absenteísmo laboral validados para a população brasileira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma adaptação e validação transcultural de uma escala de absenteísmo laboral. O trabalho foi constituído por dois estudos. No primeiro, foi realizada a adaptação semântica e análise fatorial exploratória do instrumento. No segundo estudo, foi realizada a análise fatorial confirmatória a partir dos resultados obtidos no primeiro estudo. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a validade do instrumento adaptado que se apresentou como unifatorial, com precisão bastante satisfatória (α = 0,91). Os resultados são discutidos a partir das concepções teóricas do construto, da possibilidade de sua utilização em diagnósticos e pesquisas de cunho acadêmico e das limitações dos estudos. (AU)

The complex phenomenon known as labor absenteeism is characterized by the absence of an employee from his or her work duties. Despite the importance of this theme, given the possible impact it may have on productivity and costs of an organization, no validated instruments on labor absenteeism were found for the Brazilian population. The objective of the present work was to conduct a transcultural adaptation and validation of a labor absenteeism scale. The work consisted of two studies. The first focused on achieving a semantic adaptation of the original instrument to Brazilian Portuguese and exploratory factor analysis. In the second study a confirmatory factor analysis was performed based on the results of the first study. The results confirmed the validity of the adapted instrument, which presented itself as unifactorial, with very satisfactory precision (α = 0.91). The results are discussed based on the theoretical conceptions of the construct, the possibility of its use in diagnostic and academic research, and the limitations of the studies. (AU)

El absentismo laboral, fenómeno complejo, se caracteriza por la ausencia de un empleado en sus actividades laborales. A pesar de la importancia del tema, ya que puede provocar impactos en la productividad y en los costos de una organización, no se encontraron instrumentos validados de absentismo laboral para la población brasileña. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una adaptación y validación transcultural de una escala de absentismo laboral. El trabajo fue constituído por dos estudios. En el primer estudio se realizó la adaptación semántica y el análisis factorial exploratorio del instrumento. En el segundo estudio, se realizó análisis factorial confirmatorio a partir de los resultados obtenidos en el primer estudio. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la validez del instrumento adaptado que se presentó como unifactorial, con precisión bastante satisfactoria (α = 0,91). Los resultados son discutidos a partir de las concepciones teóricas del constructo, de la posibilidad de su utilización en diagnósticos e investigaciones de índole académico y de las limitaciones de los estudios. (AU)

Identifying return to work trajectories among employees on sick leave due to mental health problems using latent class transition analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To develop effective return to work (RTW) interventions for employees on sick leave due to mental health problems (MHPs), a better understanding of individual variation in the RTW process is needed. We investigated which RTW trajectories can be identified among employees with MHPs in terms of RTW duration and relapse occurrence during the RTW process. Additionally, we examined how different RTW trajectories can be described in terms of personal and work characteristics. METHODS: Longitudinal sickness absence registry data were collected retrospectively from the largest Dutch occupational health service. Quantitative RTW information as well as personal and work characteristics were extracted. In total, 9517 employees with a sickness absence due to MHPs were included in the analyses (62 938 data points; RTW durations from 29 to 730 days). RESULTS: A latent class transition analysis revealed five distinct RTW trajectories, namely (1) fast RTW with little chance of relapse, (2) slow RTW with little chance of relapse, (3) fast RTW with considerable chance of relapse, (4) slow RTW with considerable chance of relapse and (5) very fast RTW with very small chance of relapse. Differences between employees in the slower and faster trajectories were observed regarding gender, age, type of MHP, organisation sector and organisation size but not regarding part-time work. CONCLUSIONS: RTW trajectories among employees with MHPs showed large individual variability and differed on personal and work characteristics. Knowledge on different RTW trajectories and their characteristics contributes to the development of personalised RTW treatments, tailored to specific individuals and organisations.

School psychologists consulting in the schools: Comment on Gullette et al. (2019).

Comments on an article by E. C. D. Gullette et al. (see record 2019-39191-007). A recent article by Gullette et al. (2019) examined guidelines for education and training at the doctoral and postdoctoral levels in consulting psychology and organizational consulting psychology. The guidelines provide an important framework and noted several specialty areas from which psychologists can provide consultation. A related area of consultation in which the guidelines can also have utility involves the consulting work provided by school psychologists within schools. By emphasizing that consultation within school psychology is significant, we hope to draw attention to the point that consulting is a core area of school psychology practice, while also drawing attention to these guidelines for school psychologists who might not otherwise see this document. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).